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Excerpt
from HPI 10-K annual report filed with SEC
on May 18, 2007
HYDROGEN
POWER, INC.
The
Hydrogen Economy. The U.S. Department
of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy has articulated
the following vision for a secure energy
future:
“Over the next 20
years, U.S. energy consumption is expected
to grow by 30 percent, while domestic energy
production is expected to grow by only 25%.
As consumption outpaces production, our
dependence on imported petroleum threatens
to increase, endangering our economy and
standard of living, and compromising our
national energy security. Fortunately, another
promising scenario for our energy future
is emerging – one that relies on hydrogen-powered
fuel cell systems to produce electricity
for our vehicles, homes and even large buildings,
using abundant domestic resource. Through
its Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure
Technologies Program, the U.S. DOE furthers
the technologies vital to a hydrogen energy
future.
The mission of the Hydrogen,
Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies
Program is to research, develop, and validate
fuel cells and hydrogen production, delivery,
and storage technologies for transportation
and stationary applications. The objectives
of the program are to:
- Dramatically reduce
dependence on foreign oil
- Promote the use of diverse, domestic, and sustainable energy resources
- Reduce carbon emissions from energy production and consumption
- Increase the reliability and efficiency of electricity generation"
On
the hydrogen production side, the Program
is seeking ways to reduce the cost of generating
hydrogen from a variety of conventional
and new technologies and sources. Through
application of its proprietary technology,
Hydrogen Power, Inc. (HPI) has the potential
to become a player in this challenging new
alternative energy arena.
HPI Technology.
We have sub-licensed a patented technology
developed at the University of British Columbia
(UBC) for producing hydrogen gas in a process
called "Hydrogen Now™." The sublicense is
a license from GHTI, the majority shareholder
of HPI, for use of technology it has licensed
from the University of British Columbia,
and enhancements made thereby ("GHTI Sublicense");
any sublicenses by GHTI require consent
of UBC. The GHTI Sublicense grants to HPI
exclusive rights to use the Technology and
any UBC improvements and to market, manufacture
and distribute the products in the United
States, Mexico, Central and South America;
and non-exclusive rights to market and distribute
the products using the technology and any
UBC improvements in Canada, and certain
non-exclusive rights to trademarks and service
marks; GHTI further granted to HPI the non-exclusive,
non-transferable rights to develop, modify,
enhance and improve the technology. GHTI
reserved all other rights including its
rights to develop, enhance, market, facilitate,
sublicense, install, maintain and support
the technology except as expressly granted
to HPI for Canada (on a non-exclusive basis),
the United States, Mexico, Central and South
America (on an exclusive basis). The GHTI
Sublicense also provides that HPI agrees
that all developments, enhancements, modifications
or improvements to the technology developed,
modified, enhanced or improved by HPI shall
be owned by GHTI. HPI believes it has made
several such material enhancements and improvements.
The GHTI Sublicense provides for payments
to GHTI by HPI, of which a payment of $329,774
was due and payable at December 31, 2006.
Failure to cure a default in payment after
30 days notice can result in termination
of the Sublicense. Although UBC improvements
are provided as part of the Sublicense,
there currently exists some issues with
UBC as to the scope of that term, and not
all improvements made by UBC have been assigned
to GHTI. If not rectified, this could result
in competitive technologies developed by
UBC existing in the market. This is a summary
only, and for a complete review of the terms
and conditions, please consult the exhibits
hereto.
The Hydrogen Now patented system creates
pure hydrogen from the reaction of aluminum
and water by a powerful water-split reaction.
Hydrogen Now can be used to generate hydrogen
on-site and on-demand without electricity,
thus offering the potential to overcome
significant transportation and storage problems.
The Hydrogen Now process has the potential
to supply hydrogen at customized rates and
pressures. The term of the sub-license pursuant
to which HPI has its rights to the Hydrogen
Now technology, as well as the license pursuant
to which HPI’s sub-licensor has its
rights to the technology, expires on the
date on which the last patent covered by
the sub-license and license expires, which
is currently no sooner than February 2021.
Aluminum is the third
most abundant element (after oxygen and
silicon) in the earth’s crust and
water is widely available. In addition,
waste or scrap aluminum may be used in the
reaction process and the by-products can
be recycled.
We were established to
commercialize patented technology for a
new method of producing hydrogen through
an aluminum-assisted water split reaction
process called Hydrogen Just in Time™
and Hydrogen Now. Consumers do not have
convenient access to hydrogen as they have
with gasoline, electricity, or natural gas.
Hydrogen in its gaseous form is a difficult
element to transport or store. Hydrogen
produced from the electrolysis of water
is costly; the reforming of fossil fuels
-- still in the development stage --is also
expensive due to the requisite hardware
costs, and has not progressed beyond small
scale applications. Steam reformation of
natural gas is very mature and produces
large amounts of commercial hydrogen which
currently comes from this reformer process.
In the present form of
our technology noted in US patents 6,440,385
and 6,582,676, hydrogen is generated from
a non-reversible water split reaction using
aluminum mechanically alloyed with water
soluble inorganic salts (WIS) catalysts.
Under normal circumstances, scientists would
use strong acids or alkalis to dissolve
the film around aluminum. We use a mixture
of ground aluminum, alumina, a non-metallic
additive (catalyst) and water to prevent
formation of a non-reactive layer and create
a continuous reaction until the aluminum
is depleted. The process operates at normal
pressures and temperatures. The mechanism
of the present technology involves pit corrosion
of the passivation layer by aggressive anions.
Prevention of the passivation layer makes
possible a feasible hydrogen generation
system. The nonreversible nature of the
reaction allows us to produce pressurized
gas without the need for compressors. We
are presently investigating commercial applications
that would involve the use of our proprietary
technology to generate hydrogen for specific
applications in a cheaper, lighter, and
safer manner in comparison to conventional
hydrogen production solutions.
Our technology does not
require any supplemental energy, electrical
or otherwise, to produce high purity hydrogen
gas that can be used in fuel cell and hydrogen
storage applications to generate electricity.
The reaction produces an aluminum hydroxide
byproduct which can be recycled and reused
in the hydrogen generation process. The
hydrogen generation process for which we
have acquired technology rights under the
sub-license has never been used for commercial
purposes and there is no assurance that
we will be able to apply the process for
commercial purposes. Our technology is still
in the development stage.
On-site production of
compressed hydrogen negates the need for
compressed liquefied hydrogen transportation.
Further, the spent fuel from our technology
is environmentally inert and easily recycled
back into aluminum or can be used in a number
of different commercial applications.
Our objective is to develop
and market our licensed proprietary hydrogen
production process for use in commercial
applications that require hydrogen, but
where hydrogen storage and/or distribution
is too costly or not feasible. Our management
believes, based on their product and market
review, that our hydrogen production process
may be a commercially viable process for:
(1) small volume hydrogen production for
various industrial applications; and (2)
fuel cell applications where on-demand hydrogen
is required or is an advantage such as for
selected portable power, stationary and
mobile back-up generator power, and small
scale transportation applications. Our new
COO and Principal Executive is currently
assessing, with his advisors, the technology
and possible applications thereof. Thus,
possible application areas, and any others
contained in this document should be considered
tentative.
Our functional technology
development laboratory is equipped to carry
out hydrogen-related testing, research and
engineering. We have working arrangements
with two university laboratories –
the Department of Metals and Materials Engineering
at the University of British Columbia, Canada
and the Department of Metals at the University
of Washington, Seattle – to make use
of the larger, more sophisticated pieces
of equipment already available at those
facilities. We are at the early stage of
testing and evaluating the commercial application
of the licensed technology and the design
and engineering of prototypes.
HPI's
Laboratory. We recently consolidated
our corporate headquarters office in downtown
Seattle with our R & D laboratory at 201
Elliott Avenue, occupying 3,000 square feet
of leased lab and office space. We currently
have nine employees (seven technical), and
over the next year this number is not expected
to increase appreciably since it is our
intent to augment internal development efforts
through use of external sources, including
partnerships and outsourcing arrangements
with selected industry players. It is anticipated
that internal R & D expenses over the next
year will remain at a level of approximately
$1 million.
Our laboratory does not
have any issues regarding environmental
concerns. The city of Seattle has verified
that waste from our spent fuel is not considered
a hazard, and has authorized its disposal
as simple unregulated municipal waste. We
recycle all paper and plastics, and take
all waste metals to recycling yards. Our
technology is completely non-toxic, and
when lab technicians are working with loose
powder, face masks are used to avoid dust
inhalation.
Competition.
Since hydrogen power generation technologies
have the potential to replace existing power
products, competition will come from improvements
to current power technologies and from new
alternative energy technologies. Each of
our target markets is currently serviced
by existing manufacturers with existing
customers and suppliers. These manufacturers
use proven and widely accepted technologies
such as internal combustion engines and
turbines as well as coal, oil, electricity
and nuclear powered generators.
There are a number of
companies using reforming technologies for
hydrogen generation, including H2Gen, Harvest
Energy Technology, and HyGear. Reformers
are also used for large and small scale
fuel cells by such companies as IdaTech,
Nuvera, Plug Power and Protonex. Alternative
hydrogen generation and storage technologies
are being used by Millenium Cell, Ultracell,
Quinetics,and others. While many of these
companies are further down the commercialization
and productization road than HPI, our hydrogen
generation technology is cheaper than a
reformer-based approach for our target applications,
and we believe that our technology is superior
to other non-reforming hydrogen generation
technologies in terms of cost, weight, safety
and use of non-toxic materials.
Additionally, there are
competitors working on developing technologies
using other than hydrogen power generation
systems (such as fuel cells, advanced Lithium-ion
batteries, battery/fuel cell hybrids and
hybrid battery/ICEs) in each of Hydrogen
Power's targeted markets. Some of these
technologies are as capable of fulfilling
existing and proposed regulatory requirements
as our technology.
There are many different
individuals, institutions and companies
across the United States, Canada, Europe
and Japan, including corporations, national
laboratories and universities that are actively
engaged in the development and manufacture
of alternative energy technologies including
hydrogen generation technologies. Each of
these competitors has the potential to capture
market share in any of our future target
markets."
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